Arthur Miller, 1953 Essays

Arthur Miller, 1953 Essays Arthur Miller, 1953 Essay Arthur Miller, 1953 Essay Miller choose to have this moment, in Act 4, because it shows how Proctor dies after the moment. In this moment, Proctor is signing a confession to show he has met the Devil, and to say he has not had an affair, [PROCTOR now lays the paper down and signs his name]. It links what has gone before, because he was locked in jail, and this shows how he is going to save his life by signing a confession paper, I confess to God, and God has seen my name on this! It is enough! Not just because it is relevant in the story, but it is a good device for the audience as well, because it gives the audience a sense that he is heroic. With this scene it shows first how he gives up and signs a confession paper, but then he has a change of heart and rips the paper [hysterically, as though the tearing paper were his life], saying he has never seen the Devil. This gives the audience a sign of relief, because he has done the right thing. This moment will give the audience a final decision about how good Proctor is for now I do think I see some shred of goodness in John Proctor. But some people may think he is not a good and heroic man, because of his affair with Abigail Williams, and that Proctor is letting people have pain, because he is a very important man to his friends, family and Elizabeth, [ELIZABETH, in a burst of terror, rushes to him and weeps against his hand]. Your left to decide how good he is. For this moment, Miller may have shown Proctor as Jesus. He has given his name up to show his honour to his friends who are going to die showing there innocence. Jesus is the same, a good man, letting himself die for the causes and deaths of his fellow friends. It is now six months later and autumn, though the American term fall, used by Miller, seems far more suitable considering where we have now come to in the play As well as the darkness of the setting, we are struck by the emptiness of the room. Miller mentions no furniture other than two benches and a lantern on the wall. Here life is stripped down to the bare minimum. It is in this setting that Proctor will have to search his conscience, his inner self, and make the crucial but basic decision whether to live or die. In one interpretation, a video 1996 Nicholas Hytner film, the setting is outside. It is beside the sea, which I guess is on the edge of Salem. It is early in the morning because the sun is starting to rise up. It was set at the seaside because it shows that the play is ending on a good sunny note. Also the sea is better than the Salem meeting house, because it shows the rise of Proctor. It is ironic because the seaside shows good, and is like a rise to heaven, another reason for the sea to be chosen, but Proctor is dieing, not showing good. Although he is dieing and rising up to heaven, he is dieing like his loyal friends. The background of the sea is lighter, than in the courtroom, the sea makes Proctor look more heroic to the audience. As this key moment is set in autumn, and it is in the morning, when the sun is coming through. Light is not much used in the key moment, but until John Proctor says his name is important, Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! , and then he rips the piece of paper there is a stage direction [hysterically, as though the tearing paper were his life] this shows lightning coming through. As we know light is shown shining down on Jesus when he heals somebody, light comes through the windows to show how good Proctor is. In the interpretation, the sun comes up and shines, again showing Proctor as Jesus, doing the right thing to stick with what is truthful, that he has not seen the Devil. In one interpretation, a video 1996 Nicholas Hytner film, music is there as dramatic devices. The stances are relevant to. When Proctor is answering to Danforths questions if he has seen certain people with the Devil. Danforth is standing up behind a small table, and Cheever and Parris are there, are three wearing black. Proctor is in very old cloths, all thilthy, but this gives him more power, firstly it shows he is given up, that he has seen the Devil, his cloths taking him down, even though he is saving his life, but the cloths are significant because Jesus wore bad cloths, ripped and torn, but he was dieing for his fellow friends like Proctor. The three behind the table: Cheever on the left Danforth in the middle, and Parris on the right, looks like they are the high people, there are high in reputation, but Proctor is low, and only wearing bad ripped cloths. When he rips the paper, there is a drumbeat, and this changes everything, because then Proctor is more of the higher reputation. Music is used when Danforth asks if he has seen certain people with the Devil, he carries on saying no. His no is important to show how weak he has become, so music makes it more dramatic to emphasise on the rhythm of Danforth and Proctor saying no. Before my key moment starts, which is when he starts to sign the paper Proctor starts to get questioned by Danforth Mr Proctor, have you seen the Devil in your life? and then the dramatic devices is used upon Proctor [PROCTORS jaws lock. ] and also afterwards [through his teeth, his face turned from REBECCA] all shows how weak Proctor is. His knows that all of this is wrong to confess, but he is saying it, and going ahead like his wife had told him. The stage direction which says [astonished] when Rebecca is talking, is no surprise, because she knows, Elizabeth knows and Proctor himself knows that he is doing the wrong thing, by confessing. Now the Key moment starts when Proctor is signing his name on a paper, to show his confession, the stage direction says [CHEEVER goes to PROCTOR, the confession and a pen in hand. PROCTOR does no look at it] which again proves he is doing the wrong thing, which he knows. The stage direction after says [after glancing at the confession] and then the quote You have all witnessed it it is enough. this shows how he is trying to resist the paper, and thinks that the paper of his confession is a lot worse then to say it out to the judges. He knows this confession is wrong, but he does not want a paper to give evidence he confessed he has been with the Devil. It makes others, who died, annoyed and disappointed with Proctor; he is a good man and would die for his loyal friends, he is a good man. After that he starts to sign the paper with the stage direction [His breast heaving with agonized breathing. PROCTOR now lays the paper down and signs his name] which shows the impact of Proctor. He is full of anger and knows that he has been beaten to sign the confession paper. So this is a dramatic device, to show how he hates this paper, and does not want to sign it. Danforth is eager to have this paper, but does not to show it. He wants to tell everybody that Proctor has confessed, and is a good man, even though he is not. Miller choose this stage direction, [perplexed, but politely extending his hand], to make Danforth look less eager then he usually is, but Proctor takes his the wrong way again. He thinks that Danforth is going to take it away and show everybody, but thats not true as seen [as though PROCTOR did not understand], and Proctor shows weakness and gives away slightly, that he did not want for this to all go through. Others did not complain any further to show they have confessed as said by Proctor after You will not use me! I am no Sarah Good or Tituba, I am John Proctor! As this argument carries on Danforth get suspicious [with suspicion] and is wondering why Proctor is resisting for Danforth to take the paper. Proctor gives in, and [with a cry of his soul] Proctor says it is his name, and this shows that he does not want to give his name corruption; he wants his friends, who are dead or dieing, to know he is better then the confessors. Danforth is so astonished, [pointing at the confession in Proctors hand] and he answers, Is that document a lie? and [PROCTOR is motionless] and [PROCTOR does not reply]. He realises he has said the wrong thing, and he has given in, not saving his life. At this point he is in a dilemma, to say he has seen the Devil, or he has not. Before he was going through that he has seen the Devil, in the middle of this key moment, he is in the dilemma, and so he must now say he has not seen the Devil, which means torture. This is true because the stage direction, and dramatic device is used [His breast heaving, his eyes staring, PROCTOR tears the paper and crumples it, and he is weeping in fury, but erect]. He has though that this is the true and desirable answer he wants to show. He shows now he is strong, and the paper is historic as well [hysterically as though the tearing paper were his life]. The paper is a dramatic device because it represents the confession, but it is a lie. When he rips it he rips the confession, and the lie, which represents Danforths triumph over Proctor. It allows use to see Proctors change of heart. Contrasting considerations of self-interest lead Danforth and Parris to beg John Proctor to confess to witchcraft. While Parris fears for his safety, Danforth operates to defend the court from any more attacks. The change in Danforths open desire is very important because previously, Danforth meant to confirm the goodness of the court, but here he suggests corruption to protect the political value of the government; he worries if postponing the executions, it will show weakness on him and part of the court. By prompting Proctor to give a false confession, Danforth indicates that he likely believes the witchcraft charges are false. This shows how the witch hunts have gained a life of their own; the reputation and hierarchy lead the court to continue with the case and executions even when the original delay of the trials was a bad idea and even when the people who run the trials are concerned about the power of the charges. When Proctor says, Because it is my name! Because I cannot have another in my life! this shows how he cares for his name like when he cleaned his name about his lechery, his affair with Abigail Williams. When he said, I have known her, sir. I have known her. which he releases his secret about his affair, and this is cleaning his name, like when he rips the paper and does not agree that he has seen the Devil. He is cleaning his name. Of course there is speech in the key moment, which is not truthful, but nobody is speaking truthful. Proctor saying he has meet with the Devil. As you can see by Danforth asking Mr Proctor. Did you bind yourself to the Devils service? and then Proctor saying I did. This we know is not true because before he was accused of seeing the Devil, all down to Mary. She is a weak person, and Abigail was tormenting her, showing the judges that Mary was hurting her, which is not true. Then when Mary was getting weaker and weaker, she gives in and says she has seen the Devil, but Proctor is been seeing the Devil as well Youre the Devils man! and then He come at night and every day to sign, to sign, to -. There is some dramatic irony involved in the key moment but it is not as strong as the first key moment I choose. The dramatic irony involved in this key moment is when Proctor says he has been with the Devil, even though he has not. He at first signed a paper for confession, showing he has seen the Devil. It is dramatic irony for the audience because Proctor is doing the wrong thing, and confessing for being accused, which is not true. Proctor would not usually do this, because he likes to keep his name clean from anything, which is why he teard down his name, that he had an affair with Abigail. But this time he did not tear down his name showing he has not seen the Devil, he tries to save himself I did. Conclusion The Crucible is always related to themes, because it is based on real true issues. Here are themes related to the two key moments: Reputation Reputation is very important in the religious Salem, where public and private goodness are important. In an atmosphere where reputation shows an important role, the fear of blame by friendship become s particularly evil. Focused on a high public reputation, the people of Salem fear that the sins of their friends and other important people will hurt their names. Some characters think their name is to be protected and their respective reputations. John Proctor especially thinks his name should not be harmed, and will tell the truth to keep his name clean. Early in the play, he has a chance to put a stop to the girls accusations, but his desire to keep his reputation makes him from testifying against Abigail. At the end of the play, however, Proctors need to keep his good name leads him to make the brave choice not to make a false confession and to go to his death without signing his name to something he hasnt done. By refusing to surrender his name, he frees himself for his earlier failure and dies with honour. Danforth is very powerful the Act 3 key moment Power- The witch trials allow many characters in the play who are previously edgy in the Salem society. In general, women are low ranked, doing the housework etc, compared to the male-dominated Sale. They have little options in life and work as servants for townsmen, until they can get married, and having kids. For this reason, Abigail is a slave to John Proctors sexual desire, but he strips away her purity when he commits adultery with her, and he provokes her nasty jealousy when he terminates their affair. Abigails accusations of witchcraft and Devil-worship immediately command the attention of the court. By supporting herself, in the eyes of others, with Gods will, she gains power over society, as do the other girls in her pack, and her word becomes incontrovertible, as do theirs. Accusations, Confessions, and Legal Proceedings- The witch trials are central to the action of The Crucible, and dramatic accusations and confessions fill the play. In the first act, before the hysteria begins, Parris accuses Abigail of dishonouring him, and he then makes a series of accusations against his parishioners. Giles Corey and Proctor respond in manner, and Putnam soon joins in, creating a group of accusation even before Hale arrives. The entire witch trial system relies on accusations, the only way that witches can be seen, and confessions, which provide the proof of the honesty of the court actions. Proctor attempts to break this with a confession of his own, when he admits to the affair with Abigail, but this confession is false from the accusation from Elizabeth. Proctors brave decision, at the end of the play, to die rather than confess to a fault that he did not do, he finally breaks the cycle. The court collapses afterwards, undone by the negative responses of its victims to spread lies. The Witch Trials and the Witch Hunt- There is hardly any symbolism within The Crucible, but, in total, the play can be seen as symbolic, the fear about communism. Miller has this matter in his play. In that while there were no actual witches in Salem, there were Communists. However, Millers concern in The Crucible is not with whether the accused actually are witches, but rather with the opposition of the court officials to believe that they are not. In light of the witch-hunt extremes, which hurt many innocents, this was felt strongly in Millers own time. Good and evil- One very important battle that is not very obvious in the story is with God and the Devil, being good and evil. The question is will the accused people be sent to heaven with the good God or will they burn in hell with the evil Satan? This is mainly what the whole play is based on. The puritan religion is the reason for why the people are being executed. The forces of good always tried to do what was best for everybody, even if it meant breaking some puritan laws. The evil group did whatever was best for them. They were greedy and had no consideration for others. The moment, which is most dramatic, is the 1st one in Act 3 because it leads up to a very important factor for the final Act. When Elizabeth says no, this is very relevant to the whole story because it shows Proctor was lying about his affair with Abigail Williams, and that she will not get charged for lying about the whole witchcraft. The story would of ended on Act 3 but it went on. This does not show why it is the most dramatic, but it is a good idea to make it the most dramatic moment, that is why I think Miller made this moment dramatic, because it is very important to the play. The play is a full of emotions for the audience, different all the way through. Miller takes the audience on this roller coaster ride by making them experience hatred, love, confusion and intrigue by using the characters as different tools. The audience are to have mixed feelings for certain characters, some members of the audience do not like Proctor for his adultery, others give him sympathy and think he is heroic at the end of the plays. The play in its entirety is an oblique comment on 1950s situation in America; it was not simply that, it has emotions and real characters. It is an intricate web of relationships and hidden priorities from each character, which together makes for a complex, but an enclosing play. The way the audience feels gets Millers message through. The play is relevant nowadays for many reasons: because it links with the situation in Afghanistan how people are tortured if they do not apply Sadam as the Prime Minister, also the film versions of the play it is exciting to watch because of the high tension and quite fast pace throughout, it incorporates dramatic irony to make the audience part of the action. The play is twisted and left on a cliffhanger, like soaps, which shows how the play is relevant to today and the audience of today. The whole thing about lechery and sexual interest can link to soaps and it is like a soap opera, and is artistically pleasing for the audience. The girls hysteria gives play excitement and activity, something physical to watch if you do not understand the words. The play can appeal to religious people, for new views and ideas, historians, real events, and people young adults, for excitement women, for love story The first key moment in Act 3 was the best. It is full of tension and at the end of the moment it ends with dramatic irony and irony. This moment catches me as the audience, and the way Elizabeth avoids the question, builds my interest in the story. When she says No, sir I wanted to go on, because I wanted to know what is going to happen now. The second key moment in Act 4 also was good; I found it hard for me as the audience. When he signed the paper of his confession, I though he has done the wrong thing, even though it is to save his life. Other people may disagree, but I think Hale was not so good as others would think. If I were him I would die a honourable man so I could be placed in history books, and known as a good man, instead of saving your life for a name. But then Proctor came to his senses and he changed his mind, which made the audience fell more relieved because he shows his true self, a heroic man, like Jesus, and dieing to show he is honourable and his loyalty with his friends who are going to be hanged. I have thoroughly enjoyed reading The Crucible, and even though it is about events that happened over 300 years ago, it still holds an uncanny relevance because, sometimes, we can see ourselves in Arthur Millers characters. Perhaps The Crucible can so relevant that it helps to stop terrible tragedies like the witch hunts happening again in the future.

Problem Solving Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Problem Solving - Assignment Example As if to compound the matters, I started getting very simple tasks, which befit only the beginners and not people with fair bit of experience like me. As a matter of fact, my co-workers started to consider this as a form of unofficial demotion in my position, and all this was highly painful for me, to say the least. Here, I need to add that, my boss is a kind of person who seldom does directly highlight any errors or shortcomings of the employees. On the contrary, he expects them to be wise enough to identify the flaws, by themselves. And all the circumstances strongly suggested that, it was now my turn to run the extra mile in tracing both the error, and also the reason leading to it. At that juncture, it was of paramount relevance for me to be able to specifically pinpoint the exact issue that brought about these unpleasant circumstances. I began an intense mental exercise and consequently, I got aware of the exact date from which my boss’s approach towards me started to be indifferent. Immediately, I began a very careful and meticulous study of the two documents having the tasks completed by me, one pertaining to the above date and the other one to the previous day. A careful study ensured that there were no errors in the first document. But a similar mode of study of the second one made me realize that there was indeed a major error, the likes of which do not befit a professional of my experience. It was a rather major flaw, and in fact, I was surprised that my name is still not removed from the company’s rolls! Then, it became my bound obligation to undo the damage caused by me, and that too as swiftly as possible, so that I could regain the pri or image of a committed worker. And it was here that I decided to adopt the strategy of means – end analysis in minimizing the damage. â€Å"The means – end analysis is a pattern of tackling various problems, by

Managing People in Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Managing People in Organisations - Essay Example Manpower management can be a very stressing facet of businesses. The demands differ greatly from those of the other functional areas. Hence, in order to be able to properly manage a company’s workforce, managers must be aware of the behavior being exhibited by the people in their organization. Usually, these behaviors become entrenched in the company and are greatly held by the company’s culture. However, challenging as this may be, it is an important element of a company’s strategy. Basically, these are the force behind the innovations or policies that will be implemented from the strategy that a company hopes to pursue. Hence, building the culture of the company has increasingly been gaining traction among today’s companies since it is a strong platform from which to launch the tactical plans of companies pursuant to their strategic plan. Hence, the capability of companies to utilize their manpower and to be able to harness their capabilities has been cr ucial for the success of these companies (Wang Wei 2006). The need for such awareness and understanding of the human behavior in the organization has been increasingly more pressing with the advent of globalization. The different culture from which employees all over the world has been the norm for companies with global operations has made companies even more aware of the need for understanding the behavior of the people and the organization as a whole. Thus, the management of people necessitates the need for a personal touch. Hence, there have been varying ways in which the different managers handle the diverse workforce they have under them. This has called for a greater degree of flexibility to enable the managers to understand the people that they work with (HIckson and Pugh 2002). This has been a necessary skill in order to enable the company to achieve their various goals and objectives. The multicultural nature of organisations that operate internationally has called for varying styles of management in order to properly handle the differences that they will be encountering with their global workforce. Globalisation has opened up various opportunities for businesses over the past two decades. One is that they are able to source out new markets from different countries. In effect, companies are not anymore limited by the size of the domestic market from which they come from. Through globalisation, they have

Basic Computer Memory Types Essay Example for Free

Basic Computer Memory Types Essay Random Access Memory (RAM) RAM is a location within the computer system which is responsible for stacking away data on a temporary basis, so that it can be promptly accessed by the processor. The information stored in RAM is typically loaded from the computers hard disk, and includes data related to the operating system and certain applications. When the system is switched off, RAM loses all the stored information. The data remains stored and can be retained only when the system is running. When the RAM gets full, the computer system is more likely to operate at a slow peed. The data can be retrieved in any random order. Generally, there are two types of RAM; namely Static RAM (SRAM) and Dynamic RAM (DRAM). When many programs are running on the computer simultaneously, the virtual memory allows the computer to search in RAM for memory portions which havent been utilized lately and copy them onto the hard drive. This action frees up RAM space and enables the system to load different programs. Read Only Memory (ROM) This type of memory is active, regardless of whether the system is turned on or is switched off. It is a kind of permanent non-volatile storage memory. As the name read only suggests, the contents in it cannot be changed or modified. It is an integrated circuit which is pre-programmed with important data that should necessarily be present for the computer to carry out its normal functionalities. Cache Cache is a kind of RAM which a computer system can access more responsively than it can in regular RAM. The central processing unit looks up in the cache memory before searching in the central memory storage area to determine the information it requires. This rules out the need for the system to search for information in larger and bigger memory storage areas, which in turn leads to a faster extraction of data. Computer Hard Drive These devices are important data storage components that are installed in the CPL]. Their memory ranges widely, and a user may choose the memory depending on the data needed to be stored and accessed. Nowadays, hard drives having a memory capacity of 120 gigabytes to 500 gigabytes are normally used. Flash Memory This is a non-volatile kind of memory which is intended to contribute to portable torage and a convenient transfer of data from one computer to another. The data in it can be erased and re-programmed as per the users requirements. It only has a specific number of erase and write cycles that it can withstand, after which it creates a tendency to lose out on the stored information. Memory cards and USB flash drives These are Just the common and main computer memory types which facilitate memory and data storage. However, there are many subtypes which are sorted out according to the memory-related functionalities they perform and the requirements they serve.

ft.lauderdale high AP bio project :: essays research papers

2) LEVEL 1 - Cells Are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.May serve a specific function within the organism Examples- blood cells, nerve cells, bone cells, etc. tissue LEVEL 2 - Tissues Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function and which work together to perform a specific activity Examples - blood, nervous, bone, etc. Humans have 4 basic tissues: connective, epithelial, muscle, and nerve. LEVEL 3 - Organs Made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity Examples - heart, brain, skin, etc. LEVEL4 - Organ Systems Groups of two or more tissues that work together to perform a specific function for the organism. Examples - circulatory system, nervous system, skeletal system, etc. LEVEL 5 - Organisms Entire living things that can carry out all basic life processes. Meaning they can take in materials, release energy from food, release wastes, grow, respond to the environment, and reproduce. Usually made up of organ systems, but an organism may be made up of only one cell such as bacteria or protist. Examples - bacteria, amoeba, mushroom, sunflower, human 4) 1)Atom: The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. 2) Ion: An atom that has gained or lost electrons thus acquiring a charge. 3) Electronegativity: The attraction of an atom for the electrons of a covalent bond. 4) Hydrogen Bond: A type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom a polar covalent bond in another molecule. 5) Hydrophilic: Having an affinity for water. 6) Cohesion: The binding together of like molecules, often by hydrogen bonds. 7) Capillary action: Physical effect caused by the interactions of a liquid with the walls of a thin tube. The capillary effect is a function of the ability of the liquid to wet a particular material. 8) Organic Compound: Ccontains carbon chemically bound to hydrogen. Organic compounds often contain other elements (particularly O, N, halogens, or S). 9) Polar Covalent Compound: A type of covalent bond between atoms that differ in electronegativity. The shared electrons are pulled closer to the more electronegative atom, making it slightly negative and the other atom slightly positive. 10) Molecule: Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds. 11) Isotope: One of several atomic forms of an element, each containing a different number of neutrons and thus differing in atomic mass. 12) Ionic bonding: A chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions. 13) Nonpolar covalent bond: A type of covalent bond in which electrons are shared equally between two atoms of similar electronegativitiy.

Pest Analysis of Russian Retail Market

PEST Analysis The PEST analysis is used in this report to evaluate the political, economic, social and technological aspects of the macroeconomic environment in the targeted market, Russia. This study helps to frame the basis for the decision-making about a possible market entry. Thus, it is of vital importance to scrutinize the macroeconomic environment as part of the market research. Political and Legal Aspects According to the Russian 1993 Constitution, Russia is a democratic federative state with a republican form of government grounded in the rule of law (pwc, 2012).After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russia has gradually opened up and after a seven-year transitional period with numerous market reforms, political stability was achieved under Prime Minister Putin and President Medvedev. Moreover, since 1999 when Putin became president for the first time, Russia’s political system has shown continuity in its policies. The Russian judicial system is based on statutor y law, but has been ineffective and weak since the fall of the Soviet Union. However, the introduction of many reforms is expected to eventually bring about improvements.Russia has also entered various legal assistance programs with countries across the world, as unfair competition practices are hindering FDI inflows into the country (Datamonitor, 2011; pwc, 2012). However, corruption and crime are still major challenges for doing business in Russia. Russia has been ranked 143rd in Transparency International’s corruption perception index of 2011 concerning perceived public sector corruption. In addition, the high degree of bureaucracy within the country makes doing business slow and complicated.The business environment is further negatively affected by the high number of corrupt state officials (Datamonitor, 2011). Terrorist activity is one of the major concerns in Russia as bomb explosions and suicide attacks (such as those in the Moscow-St. Petersburg express train in 2009 or in the Moscow metro in 2010) have killed dozens of people over the last years (Datamonitor, 2011). Russia is member in many different international, regional, economic and financial agreements such as G8, G20, and International Monetary Fund just to name a few of them. pwc, 2012) The country further integrated within the world economy by entering the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2012 (Datamonitor, 2011). Economic Aspects Russia of 2011 is characterized by a per capita GDP (PPP) of $16. 750, GDP and FDI growth of 4. 3% and 33% respectively. Furthermore, the ease of doing business in the country improved by 4 ranks between 2011 and 2012 and hence Russia is ranked 112th in 2012 (Datamonitor, 2011; pwc, 2012). Historically successful economic reforms during the 1990s led to liberalization of the Russian economy and to high growth rates.Yet, the global economic downturn beginning in 2008 led to a negative growth of 7. 7% in 2009. However, the country’s economy managed to q uickly recover, achieving a 3. 9% GDP growth in 2010, mainly due to the high oil prices (Datamonitor, 2011). Improved competitiveness and higher oil prices facilitated a turnaround in the current account, from a deficit in 1998 to a surplus of 12% of GDP in 1999. Since 2000, Russia has maintained a current account surplus, which dropped from around $102bn in 2008 to around $47bn in 2009 (Datamonitor, 2011; pwc, 2012).Current challenges in Russia’s economic landscape include a high budget deficit and a banking system being under continuous stress. Moreover, the unemployment rate of 6. 6% is another negative side of Russia’s economic landscape (Datamonitor, 2011). Social Aspects The main ethnic group within Russia is Russians with 79. 8%, while other ethnic groups include Tatar 3. 8%, Ukrainian 2%, Bashkir 1. 2%, Chuvash 1. 1%, other or unspecified ones with 12. 1% (2002 census) (CIA The World Factbook, 2012).Concerning religion, estimates from 2006 suggest that 15-20% o f the population are Russian Orthodox, 10-15% are Muslim, and 2% – other Christian, yet large parts of the population are non-believers, a likely legacy from the Soviet era (CIA The World Factbook, 2012). The United Nations Development Program (UNDP) ranks Russia 66th with regards to overall human development, making Russia part of the high human development quartile. However, one major challenge within Russia is the huge gender gap concerning life expectancy.Average life expectancy is 66. 2 years, yet it is only 59. 8 years for men, while boosting 73. 1 for women (United Nations Development Program (UNDP), 2011; Datamonitor, 2011). Russia is estimated to be one of the fastest-growing countries concerning proportion of population to be considered middle class. (Financial Times – Chart of the week: tracking the rising EM middle classes, 2012). The related increase in disposable income can be illustrated by the tripling in middle class spending between 2000 and 2010.Howe ver, the widening income inequality may pose a challenge for long-term success (Datamonitor, 2011). In general, Russia’s current strengths concerning social development are the high level of social governmental spending and the well-educated population. However, the country still struggles with a high mortality rate and a widening income inequality gap (Datamonitor, 2011). Technological Aspects Russia has signed the TRIPS (Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property) agreement, but nevertheless faces Intellectual Property Rights issues regularly.Moreover, the country still lacks adequate telecommunications infrastructure (Datamonitor, 2011). PEST Implications for the Retail Industry Russia’s political and legal framework suggests that foreign retail operations in Russia, although not restricted, may be inefficient because of bureaucracy and corruption. In addition, the usage of the ruble exposes foreign investors to exchange rate risks. The economic characteristics of the Russian market, however, paint a much more attractive picture of the industry, which represents 15. % of the country’s GDP. The Russian retail and wholesale sector has attracted 17. 1% of the country’s FDI in 2011. The country also has the lowest retailer penetration rates in Europe (pwc, 2012), suggesting it is a market in its growth stage with significant opportunity for new entrants. Yet, a recent study conducted by the management consulting group, AT Kearney, shows that Russia has fallen behind BRIC and other emerging market nations in terms of the countries’ attractiveness for investments in the retail sector.In fact, it ranks 26th out of 30 emerging market nations with regard to the attractiveness of the retail sector. As some experts argue such a ranking may reflect the strong foothold of local retailers, with such rivalry making the Russian retailer market a developed rather than an emerging one (Financial Times – Russia retail: loosing app eal, 2012) The pending commercialization of the cloud-dispersal aircraft technology may also have a positive trickledown effect on the retail industry.The technology may solve the problem of drought-prone areas, representing 6% of arable land within Russia, possibly improving domestic food production, and supplier reliability (Datamonitor, 2011; CIA The World Factbook, 2012). Overall, the country environment suggests that despite some institutional voids, the economic environment is conductive to a booming retailer segment with a growth that can be exploited by foreign retailers. The decrease in FDI attractiveness, however, points to the likely presence of established competitors that may prevent such an entry, which will be analyzed in greater detailed in the industry analysis.

Commentary English Poetry Ib Sample - 779 Words

A Commentary on Behavior of Fish in an Egyptian Tea Garden by Keith Douglas. *The description of the men drawn to her starts with the rich cotton magnate immediately establishing the hierarchy the author seeks to show*. This hierarchy is further developed*in the actions of the different suitors. The rich magnate ‘through the frail reefs of furniture swims out’, the inverted syntax* in the line* suggesting grace and power. *T*he self-assured manner in which he acts suggests that the rich man is above the petty rivalries* that the others have. H*e knows his wealth gives him an insurmountable edge* (and this is further shown in the last stanza)*. *Also, the* author shows this from the* fact that *though this* fish is far from pretty with†¦show more content†¦The color ambiguity or duality of the color symbology mentioned above is progressively demystified as we move through these pars as the author clearly shows that the linkage is with lust and greed. The author then progresses to describe the others who seek the lady’s attention. The Captain who is supposed to be able to tell when danger approaches is also befuddled by the charms on show by the lady and so is the unattractive flat eyed flat fish who even though too ugly to be a real contender satisfies himself by looking at her from the distance. This list of men who fall into her trap is further expounded with the description of the gallants who ‘circle’ and try to make small talk (‘fish pause so to nibble or tug) but all to no avail. By now we start seeing the men and their antics as pathetic as it is pretty clear that the woman has already made up her mind. The poem ends on a very blunt note. When the ice cream is being had the men are vying for the woman based on their looks, character and the like while the rich magnate ‘stayed to watch’ During this time money became temporarily inconsequential but at the end of the day when the ice cream was f inished, it is paid for by the rich man and the other men seeing this acknowledge defeat and leave. The author has used a lot of caesura in this stanza to underline the point that after all the show it was the power ofShow MoreRelatedCranes: Poetry and William Cullen Bryant1924 Words   |  8 PagesFriend Skip to content EXTRA CREDIT FOR ALL CLASSES ESW IB Lang and Lit ↠ Paper 1 Sample TextsExaminers comments for Sample Paper 1 Essays → Paper 1 Sample Essays Posted on October 18, 2012 by tonyapaul Please read the Paper 1 Sample Texts before you read this post. Then try to write your own analysis and compare it to the following HL samples. Paper 1 HL Sample 1.1 (birds) In this comparative commentary, Cranes by Jennifer Ackerman and To a Waterfowl by William CullenRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesyou say that it is now a good time or a bad time to find a quality job?† 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 39 38 41 57 59 54 48 47 26 20 8 2010 11 2011 Bad Good 69 86 89 86 Source: Gallup tracking polls of random samples of roughly 1,000 adults, aged 18 and older, living in the continental U.S., selected using random-digit telephone sampling. See F. Newport, â€Å"Americans’ Views of Job Market Improve; Still Mostly Negative† (April 18, 2011), www.gallup.com. between